Functional Groups
Term: Functional Groups
Category: Chemistry
Definition: Functional groups are groups of atoms that impart properties to the overall molecule, including how that molecule reacts chemically, interacts with other molecules, and what kind of functionality it may possess. Functional groups are the sites of chemical reactions and bonding, and functionalization within organic and polymer chemistry. Some examples of functional groups are: Hydroxyl (-OH), Carboxyl (-COOH), Amine (-NH₂), Aldehyde (-CHO), and Ketone (>C=O), as well as Epoxy Functional Groups. The arrangement and number of functional groups affect a molecule’s polarity, solubility, acid/base nature, and ability to form hydrogen or ionic bonds with other molecules. In addition to affecting the manner in which a polymer molecule will crosslink with other molecules, they will also determine its compatibility with various coatings and the molecule’s surface chemistry in biological applications.
Uses:
- Designing hydrogels, adhesives, and polymers with specific properties
- Functionalizing medical device surfaces to improve wettability and biocompatibility
- Creating responsive materials that react to pH, temperature, or enzymes
- Facilitating chemical reactions in pharmaceuticals, coatings, and biomaterials
Related Content and Resources:
Hydrophilic Coating Polymers and Chemistries: Complete Guide
